Mishpatim (Judgements) : Exodus 21–24

The Torah portion Mishpatim (מִשְׁפָּטִים) takes its name from the Hebrew word for "judgments" or "ordinances." This title is drawn from the opening words of the portion: "And these are the judgments that you shall set before them" (Exodus 21:1).

Following the dramatic revelation at Mount Sinai in the previous portion, Mishpatim shifts from grand, awe-inspiring moments to the practical details of daily life, outlining a foundational legal code for the Israelites. The first three chapters are filled with laws and commandments that address issues of justice, ethical behavior, and social responsibility—establishing principles that will shape the moral fabric of the Israelite community. These laws cover a broad spectrum of life, including rules about servitude, property rights, personal injury, and financial dealings, reflecting a deep concern for fairness and compassion.

The portion concludes with a powerful and pivotal moment in Israelite history. In the final chapter, the narrative moves beyond legal statutes to describe the people's acceptance of the covenant. In a sacred ceremony led by Moses, the Israelites pledge their commitment to follow God’s commandments, declaring in unison, “Na’aseh v’nishma”—“We will do, and we will hear” (Exodus 24:7). This declaration signifies their willingness to obey even before fully understanding, highlighting their deep trust in God's guidance. The covenant is then sealed through a series of rituals, including the offering of sacrifices and the symbolic sprinkling of blood, solidifying the Israelites' relationship with God.

Mishpatim is more than just a collection of laws—it represents the transition from divine revelation to practical application, showing how sacred principles must be lived out in everyday life. It is a reminder that justice, responsibility, and faith are not abstract concepts but tangible commitments that define a holy people.

Questions from this week

1. Looking at Ex chapter 23. All these little laws have application to us today on a root level. One example v8 what does it mean to bribe each other without the idea of money... do we do that on an emotional level? Etc etc etc

2. Concerning the Shabbat as a rest day and also as a rest year for the land (cap 23:10-12), including the Shmita year, what do you think the significance of the rest is? (I have two interesting passages from NT that suggest its significance.

Hebrew 4: 1-13, Matthew 18:22-35)